Basic data types of KOTLIN and simple examples.

In this section we describe the basic types used in Kotlin: numbers, characters, booleans, arrays, and strings.

Numbers

Kotlin handles numbers in a way close to Java, but not exactly the same. For example, there are no implicit widening conversions for numbers, and literals are slightly different in some cases.

Kotlin provides the following built-in types representing numbers (this is close to Java):

Type	Bit width
Double	64
Float	32
Long	64
Int	32
Short	16
Byte	8

We can declare data types in KOTLIN as following way.

var a: Int = 0 //int var, we can reassign at runtime or anywhere in the code. 
val a:Int =0 //int val, val cannot reassign.
var a = 0 //int var
val a = 0 //int val

var a = 10.10 //Double
var a = 10.10f //Float
var a = 10.10F //Float

var a = 10L //Long

//You can use underscores to make number constants more readable:
val oneMillion=1_000_000

Every number type supports the following conversions:

toByte(): Byte

toShort(): Short

toInt(): Int

toLong(): Long

toFloat(): Float

toDouble(): Double

toChar(): Char

Operations

Here is the complete list of bitwise operations (available for Int and Long only):

1. shl(bits) – signed shift left (Java's <<)
2. shr(bits) – signed shift right (Java's >>)
3. ushr(bits) – unsigned shift right (Java's >>>)
4. and(bits) – bitwise and
5. or(bits) – bitwise or
6. xor(bits) – bitwise xor
7. inv() – bitwise inversion

Ex:

var x = 1 shl 2
var x = 1 shr 2
var x = 1 ushr 2
var x = 1 and 2
var x = 1 or 2
var x = 1 xor 2
var x = 1.inv()

Also we have int() instead of ++ and dec() instead of --.

Ex:

var x = a.inc()

Characters

Characters are represented by the type Char
var c = 'a'.

Booleans

The type Boolean represents booleans, and has two values: true and false.
var b = true

Strings

Strings are represented by the type String. Strings are immutable. var s = "Hello Kotlin"

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